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Guide

Dissolved Oxygen Theory Guide

Guide

Dissolved Oxygen Measurement - Theory and Practice of DO Applications

Dissolved Oxygen Theory Guide
Dissolved Oxygen Theory Guide

The Dissolved Oxygen Theory guide provides a clear and simple description of the measurement principles of Dissolved Oxygen (DO). The theory of DO is explained as well as the practical aspects of choosing the right sensor for an application, calibrating it, and carrying out DO and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) measurements.

The following topics and more are covered in the Dissolved Oxygen Guide:

  1. Theory of Dissolved Oxygen
  2. Types of Dissolved Oxygen Sensors
  3. Handling the Equipment
  4. Biological Oxygen Demand

 

Benefit from this guide and learn the theory and practice of Dissolved Oxygen applications.

Download the free Dissolved Oxygen Guide and learn the basics of correct and accurate dissolved oxygen measurements. Get practical tips and hints from our pH experts for your daily work in the laboratory and environment.
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1. Theory of Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen is the third most common element in the universe and the most common in the Earth’s crust (49%). However, because oxygen is highly reactive, most of it is bound to other elements to form chemical compounds. Elementary oxygen in its two allotropes O2 and O3 (ozone) only exists in relevant concentrations on our planet. That is because it stems from biological processes that pertain to Earth (mainly photosynthesis).

Thus, elementary oxygen and its occurrence are linked to life and its chemical activities. Due to its reactive nature, it also contributes to less desirable processes, such as corrosion or fire hazards.

Measuring concentrations of oxygen dissolved in water can be very important for monitoring habitats (such as lakes, oceans or aquariums), production processes (such as beer or cheese fermentation), treatment of wastewater, or corrosion-sensitive processes.

2. Types of Dissolved Oxygen Sensors

O2 is a highly reactive molecule, so reactive in fact that it only exists in our atmosphere because it is continuously produced by photosynthesis. It reacts as an oxidizing agent—i.e. in a chemical reaction it receives electrons. Most Dissolved Oxygen sensors utilize this property of electrochemical reactions for measuring oxygen concentrations. These types of sensors are well established as conventional methods for measurement. They can be categorized as galvanic or polarographic sensors. Optical sensors constitute a modern alternative to these electrochemical methods.

3. Handling the Equipment

This chapter summarizes some hints and recommendations of the daily use of Dissolved Oxygen sensors. They are based on generally accepted handling and operational rules.

4. Biological Oxygen Demand

One important analysis to assess water quality is determining the BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). BOD is an indicator of the amount of organic matter present in freshwater. High BOD levels may indicate that water is contaminated with coliform bacteria, other pathogens and organic compounds and therefore unfit for human consumption.